Summary of the critiques of the heliocentric / mobility of the earth issues:

NOTE: there were many differenct perspectives on the issue

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Biblical references to the stability of the earth and to the movement of the sun. To deny them was to deny the revealed Word of God and suggested heresy!

• "The Lord has become King,clothed with majesty; the Lord is robed, girded with might. The earth is established immovably; your throne is established from of old; from all eternity you are God." Psalm 93:1
• "A generation goes and a generation comes, but the earth remains forever. The sun rises and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it will rise again." Ecclesiastes 1:4
• "Thou has made the moon to mark the seasons; and the sun knows its time of setting." Psalm 104: 19.
• "The spoke Joshua to the Lord in the day when the Lord gavethe Amorites over to the men of Isreal, 'Sun, stand thou still at Gibeon, and thou Moon in the valley of Aijalon.' And the sun stood still and the moon stayed until the nation took vengeance on their enemies." Joshua 10: 12-13.

Was the telescope a device that could be trusted?

• "these satellites of Jupiter are invisible to the naked eye, and therefore exercise no influence on the earth, and therefore would be useless, and therefore do not exist" wrote one Florentine astronomer.
• And another: "in the heavens, it [the telescope] deceives, for other fixed stars appear double…"

But recall this passage and especially the words in boldface. That is, some were more open-minded, but constrained by cultural bias, among them Christopher Clavius, foremost Jesuit defender of the Ptolemaic sytem, writing in 1612 and after having a chance to use the telescope.

I do not want to hide from the reader that not long ago a certain instrument was brought from Belgium. It has the form of a long tube in the bases of which are set two glasses, or rather lenses, by which objects far away from us appear very much closer . . . than the things themselves are. This instrument shows many more stars in the firmament than can be seen in any way without it, especially in the Pleiades, around the nebulas of Cancer and Orion, in the Milky Way, and other places . . . and when the Moon is a crescent or half full, it appears so remarkably fractured and rough that I cannot marvel enough that there is such unevenness in the lunar body. Consult the reliable little book by Galileo Galilei, printed at Venice in 1610 and called Sidereus Nuncius, which describes various observations of the stars first made by him.
Far from the least important of the things seen with this instrument is that Venus receives its light from the Sun as does the Moon, so that sometimes it appears to be more like a crescent, sometimes less, according to its distance from the Sun. At Rome I have observed this, in the presence of others, more than once. Saturn has joined to it two smaller stars, one on the east, the other on the west. Finally Jupiter has four roving stars, which vary their places in a remarkable way both among themselves and with respect to Jupiter--as Galileo Galilei carefully and accurately describes. Since things are thus, astronomers ought to consider how the celestial orbs may be arranged in order to save these phenomena.

Others, like Bruno and even Newton did not make clear distinctions between science, astrology, and pseudo-sciences like alchemy.